The Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) test measures the level of AFP, a protein normally produced by the liver and yolk sac of a developing fetus. In adults, abnormal levels of AFP may indicate liver diseases or certain types of cancer.
Purpose of the Test:
•Detect liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma): Elevated AFP levels are a key marker for liver tumors.
•Monitor cancer treatment: Tracks the effectiveness of therapy for cancers associated with AFP.
•Identify testicular or ovarian cancer: High levels may indicate germ cell tumors.
•Screen for birth defects (during pregnancy): Abnormal AFP levels in pregnant women can indicate neural tube defects or Down syndrome in the fetus.
Conditions Indicated by Abnormal Levels:
•Elevated AFP Levels:
•Liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma).
•Non-cancerous liver conditions like cirrhosis or hepatitis.
•Testicular or ovarian cancer (germ cell tumors).
•Low AFP Levels (during pregnancy):
•May indicate chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome.
Key Notes:
•AFP levels are used as a tumor marker in adults, particularly for liver and germ cell cancers.
•In pregnant women, this test is often part of the maternal serum screening panel.
•Abnormal results may require further diagnostic imaging or testing.
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